I-en-bp-K-¯n ]m-]-\m-i-I-am-b-sX-s´-¶p \m-c-Z³ {_-Òmhn-t\m-Sp tNm-Zn¨p. D¯-cw A-[ym-ß-cm-am-b-W-sa-¶m-bn-cp¶p. hmÂ-ao-In cm-am-b-W-¯n cm-a-\m-Wv I-Y-bm-cw-`n-¡p-¶-sX-¦n A-Zym-ß-cm-am-b-W-¯n ]pcm-W k-{¼-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cn-¨p kq-X-\m-Wv I-Y ]-d-bp-¶Xv. I-Y A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-XmI-s« D-aþa-tliz-c kw-hm-Z-cq-]-¯n-epw. cm-am-b-Whpw F-gp-¯-Ñ\pw A-[ym-ß-cm-am-b-W-hpsams¡ H-cp X-c-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n a-säm-cp X-c-¯n- IÀ-¡n-S-I am-k-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. {io-cm-a-N-{µ³ P-\n-¨Xpw IÀ-¡n-S-I cm-in-bn-emWv. e-h-\pw Ip-i\pw tNÀ-¶v B-Zy-am-bn cm-a-I-Y-bm-e-]n-¨Xpw IÀ-¡n-S-I-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p. F-gp-¯Ñ-sâ cm-amb-Ww hm-bn-¡m³ IÀ-¡nS-Iw X-s¶ Xn-c-sª-Sp-¡p-hm³ Im-c-W-hp-ap­v. am-k-§-fn H-Sp-hn-e-t¯-Xm-WtÃm IÀ-¡n-SIw. A-s¡mÃw sNbv-X IÀ-½-§fpw {]-hr-¯n-Ifp-sam-s¡ ]p-\x-]cn-tim-[n-¡m-\p-Å th-f-Iq-Sn-bmbn Cu amk-s¯ ]-g-b X-e-ap-d-¡mÀ I-cp-Xn-bn-cp¶p. sX-äp-IÄ a-\-Ên-em¡n, Xn-cp¯n, a\-Êv ip-²-am-¡n ]p-cm-W-]m-cmb-Ww \S-¯n k-Zv-Po-hn-X-¯n-\p {i-an-¡p-I-bm-Wv IÀ-¡n-S-I-¯n-eq-sS... C-Xp X-s¶-bm-Wv cm-am-b-W hm-b-\-bp-sS ^-e-kn-²n-bpw. IÀ-¡n-S-Iw 1 ap-X 31 h-sc-bm-Wv cm-am-b-W ]m-cmb-Ww \-S-¯p-¶Xv. Cu am-k-¯n-\p-Ån X-s¶ ap-gp-h-\mbpw ]m-cmb-Ww \-S-¯n-bn-cn-¡Ww. C-Xn-\v \m-S³ `m-j-bn 'I-s¼-¯n-¡p-I' F-¶m-Wp ]-d-bmdv. ]-ehn-[ cm-K§-sf A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡nbpw cm-amb-Ww hm-bn-¨p- h-cp-¶p. H-cm-hr-¯n cm-amb-Ww hm-bn-¨m In-«p-¶ ^-ew H-cp bm-Kw I-gn-¨ ]p-Wy-amWv. hmb-\-tbm-sSm-¸w X-s¶ Nn-e {]-tXy-I ]q-P-Ifpw \-S-¯m-dp­v. {io-cm-a-]-«m-`n-tj-I-`m-Kw hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ ]q-P {]-[m-\-hp-amWv.

cm-am-b-W ]m-cm-b-W-¯n-sâ ^-e-kn-²n-IÄ
F-gp-¯Ñ-sâ cm-amb-Ww hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ ho-Sp-I-fnepw ho-«p-Im-cnepw ]-cn-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä D-­-m-Ip-sa-¶m-Wv im-kv-{Xw. cm-amb-Ww hm-b-\-bp-sS ]-c-aam-b Zu-Xyhpw C-Xp X-s¶-bm-bn-cn-¡Ww. Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ £-Wn-I-Xbpw hn-[n-hn-ln-X-§fp-sam-s¡-bm-Wv F-gp-¯Ñ-sâ In-fn-¸m-«n-eq-sS HmÀ-½n-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. ]m-cmb-Ww t]m-se X-s¶ cm-am-b-W-{i-h-Whpw ]p-Wy-amWv. Hmtcm `m-Kw hm-bn-¡p-t¼-mgpw hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn-bp-­v.

_m-e-Im-Þw
_m-e-Im-Þ- `m-K-§Ä hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ sh-tÆ-sd ^-e-§-fm-Wp kn-²n-¡p-¶Xv. cma-sâ hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯¸-än hÀ-®n-¡p-¶ `m-Kw hn-ZymÀv-°n-IÄ {i-hn-¡p¶-Xv D-¯-a-amWv. k-Zm-Nm-c-t_m-[-t¯m-sS h-fÀ-¶p h-cp-¶ H-cp hy-àn F-{X X-s¶ `uXn-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw t\-Sn-bmepw k-ZmNm-c \n-c-X-\m-bn-Xs¶  Po-hn-¡p-sa-¶ ]mTw {io-cma-I-Y ]Tn-¸n-¡p¶p. C-Xp hm-bn-¡p-I-tbm, {i-hn-¡p-Itbm sN-bv-Xm In-«p-¶ ^-ew Kp-cp I-Sm-£-am-Wv.

h-[-§Ä
am-coN³, kp-_mlp, Xm-S-I Xp-S-§n-bh-sc h-[n-¡p-¶ `m-K-§Ä hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ Xr-jv-WI-sf P-bn-¨ a-\-Ên-sâ D-S-a-I-fm-bn-¯o-cpw. kp-J-Zpx-J§-sf k-a-`m-h-t\m-sS Im-Wm³ C-Xp ]-Xn-hm-bn hm-bn-¨m km-[n-¡p-sa-¶v B-Nm-cym-a-Xw.

cmam-`n-tj-Iw
cm-am-`ntj-I `m-K-§-fp-sS Xp-S-¡-¯n X-s¶-bp-Å hn-Lv-\-§-fp-sS D-t±iyw tim-I-\n-hr-¯n-bmWv. ]-c-am-\-µ-kp-J-am-Wv cm-am-`ntj-I hm-b-\-bp-sS ^-e-kn²n. B-Ip-e-X-IÄ a-\-Ên \n¶pw hn-s«m-gn-bp-¶ A-\p`-hw D-­m-Ipw.

kp-µ-c-Im-Þw
Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ k-Xyhpw ]-c-amÀ-°hpw I-s­-¯m-\pw `-àn-bp-sS sIm-Sp-ap-Sn I-bdn-t]m-Im-\pw, Cu-iz-c-Im-cpWyw t\-Sm\pw kp-µ-c-Im-Þw hm-bn-¡p-I.

]-©h-Sn
]-©-h-Sn-bn-se `m-K-§Ä hm-bn-¡p-t¼mgpw {i-hn-¡p-t¼mgpw a\-Êv G-Im-{K-am-¡m\pw ]-t©-{µn-b§-sf Io-g-S-¡m\pw I-gn-bp¶p.

s]m-·m³
s]m-·m-s\ tXSn-t]m-Ip-¶ `m-Kw hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ ssh-cmKyw sh-Sn-ª a-\-Êm-Wv kn-²n-¡p-I.

i_-cn
{io-cm-a³ i-_-cn-bp-sS B-{i-aw k-µÀ-in-¡p-¶-Xpw A-\p-{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xpam-b `m-K-§Ä hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ `-àn hÀ-²n-¡p-¶p. ]m-]w A-I-¶v a\-Êv ip-²-am-bn, \n-jv-I-f-¦-hpw, \nÀ-hym-P-hpam-b `-àn-bn e-bn-¡p-¶ A-hØ ssI-h-cpw. `-àn \m-K-cn-I-tâ-Xm-tW-epw, {]m-Ir-X-tâ-Xm-tWepw Xp-ey-am-sW¶ t_m-[hpw A-¦p-cn-¸n-¡pw.

h-\-hm-kw
h-\-hm-k-¡m-ew hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ ]u-cpjw, ho-cyw, X]-Êv F-¶n-h-bm A-l-¦-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡v {]m-cm-Ï-hpw, Úm-\n-IÄ-¡v {_-Ò-hn-Zybpw ssI-h-cpw.

e-£v-a-tWm-]-tZ-iw
e-£va-W-t\m-Sp io-cm-a³ \-S-¯p-¶ D-]-tZ-iw F-gp-¯Ñ-sâ cm-am-b-W-Xvnse  {][m-\ `m-K-amWv. cm-Pyw, tZiw, [\w, [m\yw F¶n-h \-iz-c-am-sW-¶p {io-cm-a-\n-eq-sS F-gp-¯Ñ³ HmÀ-½n-¸n-¡p¶p. £-W-`w-Kp-c-am-Wp aÀ-¯y Po-hn-X-sa-¶-dn-bm³ C-Xp- k-lm-bn-¡pw. {_m-Ò-W-\m-sW-¶pw [-\n-I-\m-sW-¶pw [o-c-\m-sW¶p-sam-s¡ A-l-¦m-cw sIm-­v a-Zn-¡p-¶-hÀ H-cp Znh-kw sh-´p sh-®o-dm-Ip-sa-¶ ]-c-aam-b kXyw F-gp-¯-ѳ ]d-ªp X-cp¶p. C-Xp hm-bn-¨m Imaw, t{Im[w, tam-lw F¶n-h \n-b-{´n-¡m-\m-Ipw. P-\\w, a-cWw, Zpx-Jw F-¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨v Nn-´n-¨v Po-hn-Xw hyÀ-°-am-¡m-sX {iocm-a `-àn-bn Po-hn-¨v tam-£w {]m-]n-¡mw. Cu-iz-c-\m-a-{]-IoÀ-¯\w, ]q-P F-¶n-hbpw thWw. F-¦n ap-ànbpw kn-²n-¡pw.

IÀ-¡n-S-I-¯n-sâ ]-ª-\m-fp-I-fn-se I-dp-¸n-s\ am-bv-¨p-I-f-bm³ cm-am-b-W sh-fn-¨-¯n-\v I-gn-bp¶p. cm-am-b-W-]m-cmb-Ww am-{XaÃ, cm-am-b-W I-Ym-]m-{X-§sf  kv-a-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw ]p-Wy-amWv. {io-cm-a-t£-{X ZÀ-i-\hpw \-S-¯Ww. Zpcn-X \n-hm-c-W-¯n\pw tim-I-\m-i-¯n\pw cm-a-kv-ac-W-tbm-sSm-¸w cm-am-b-W ]m-cm-b-Whpw cm-a-t£-{X-ZÀ-i-\-§fp-sam-s¡ D-¯-a-amWv.